Glossary

Account

A user’s account to log in to the system. In eXpress, there are personal and corporate accounts. For more details, follow this link.

Active Directory

AD. Microsoft directory services for the Windows Server family of operating systems. Through Group Policy, admins configure the same working environment for users. Admins deploy programs to multiple computers through Group Policy or special services. eXpress supports user synchronization with Active Directory; read more at this link.
Find more information about Active Directory on the Microsoft Learn website.

Active Directory Forest

A collection of one or more Active Directory domains that share a common logical structure. Domains in a forest share a catalog schema (definitions of classes and attributes), catalog configuration (site and replication information), and a global catalog (forest-wide search capabilities). Domains in the same forest are automatically linked by two-way trust relationships. Read more on the Microsoft Learn website.

Admin Panel

Administrator web-console or Administrator control panel. This is a special web page that allows you to manage server settings. For more details, follow this link.

API

Application Programming Interface. Represents a description of how one program interacts with another. In eXpress, there is an API for integrating third-party systems. For more details, follow this link.

Appimage

The file extension of the executable package of the Linux family of operating systems.

Authentication

Authentication of a user trying to log in to the system: by password, email, and so on.

Authorization

Determining the user's access rights to certain data and resources in the system: what they can do after authentication. Authorization example: presence of encryption keys allows reading correspondence in the chat.

Backlog

Backlog. A list of tasks or product requirements that need to be completed.

Bot

A program that performs actions automatically and/or on a set schedule through interfaces for people. In eXpress, a bot is a special chat that you can interact with. Such bots are called chatbots.

BotX

API for developing bots in eXpress. For more details, follow this link.

Cache

An intermediate buffer with fast access. It stores the info that is most likely to be requested. In the eXpress architecture, the cache is used everywhere: through it, info from the server is loaded into device memory.

Captcha

Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart. A verification mechanism that determines whether the user is a human or an automated system. Protects the system from spam and malicious attacks using bots created by attackers.

Catalog

Corporate chat catalog, which contains open group chats, channels, and corporate bots.

CDTN

Corporate Data Transmission Network. In eXpress, you can set restrictions on file transfer and screen sharing inside and outside the CDTN. For more details, follow this link.

Channel

A chat in eXpress with more than two participants. Intended for news: only channel admins can write and see members.

Chat, Channel or Thread Card

Chat/channel/thread properties. Page with the list of members and settings of a group chat, channel, or thread. Opens when you click the chat title, channel title, or thread name.

Client

A client is a hardware or software component of a computing system that sends requests to a server.

Client-Server

Client-server is a computing or network architecture in which service consumers (clients) interact with service providers (servers).

Company

Organization, legal entity. Customer and operator of the eXpress Communications System.

Conference

A special eXpress group call that can be scheduled.

Confidential Mode

A chat mode with enhanced data protection. In it, messages are automatically deleted after a configurable time interval.

Contact Card

A page with a user's personal and contact information in eXpress. Opens when you click a name mentioned in chat or a contact.

Corporate account

“Blue” account. The organization creates it, usually at the user's request. The account also appears automatically: when synchronizing with the profile management system or when the user enters their work email in the app (self-registration). A personal account user logs in to the corporate server using a corporate account.

Corporate contact

Contact of a corporate user registered on the corporate server. For more details, follow тут.

Counter

In the eXpress app, a counter appears as a dot or a number — the count of unviewed notifications, for example, unread messages.

Credentials

Credentials, creds (slang). A set of data used to log in to a system. Credentials are obtained upon registration in the system.

CTS

Corporate Transport Server, or simply corporate server. Located at the customer's site and connected to the RTS server. It carries the main message exchange: employees of the organization communicate in an isolated, secure corporate network. To communicate securely, an employee of the organization registers on the corporate server. For more details, follow this link.

CTS ID

Corporate Transport Server Identifier. It is found in the Admin Panel. For more information, follow this link.

DEB

The file extension of the application installation package of the Linux Debian family of operating systems.

Demilitarized Zone

DMZ. A network segment that contains public services and separates them from corporate ones. Two types of servers are deployed in the DMZ. The former interact with external users of the corporate network and provide them with network services. For information security reasons, it is not advisable to place the latter on the organization's internal network.

DLP

Data Leak Prevention. In eXpress, integration with various DLP systems is implemented, such as InfoWatch Traffic Monitor, Zecurion, SearchInform.

DMG

The file extension of the application installation package of the macOS.

DNS

Domain Name System. A distributed computer system for obtaining information about domains. Most often, it is used to obtain the IP address by host name (computer or device).

Encryption Key

A set of characters with which the special eXpress algorithm encrypts and decrypts user messages.
An encryption public key is a random set of bytes. It is usually transmitted over the network in base64 format. It's generated from the private key. It is used to encrypt data or verify digital signatures. It can be safely distributed or published. With it, anyone can encrypt a message. You can use the public key to verify that it was specifically the owner of the private key who signed something. Info about user's public keys: here.
An encryption private key is a random set of bytes. It is usually transmitted over the network in base64 format. From it, you can generate a public key. With a private key, you can decrypt what was encrypted with a public key.

ECTS

Enterprise Corporate Transport Server. One of the enterprise's corporate servers in its ETS “mini-federation”. For more details, follow this link.

E-mail

E-mail address or authentication method, when accounts are created on the corporate server itself and managed manually.

End-to-End Encryption

Encryption in which correspondence is encrypted with the keys of each individual chat participant.

ETS

Enterprise Transport Server. Unites ECTS into its own “mini-federation”, as RTS unites CTS. Located at the customer's site. For more details, follow this link.

ETS ID

Enterprise Transport Server Identifier. It is found in the Admin Panel. For more information, follow this link.

eXpress

The eXpress corporate communications platform comprises messenger features, video conferencing, built-in SmartApp web apps, bots, and other features. With them, employees of an organization or enterprise work in a single digital space. For more details, follow this link.

External Contact

A contact of an external user, which is registered on RTS using a personal account. For more details, follow this link.

External Contour

Public Contour or Internet Zone. A set of software and hardware tools designed to server users outside the organization's corporate network.

Federation

A federation is a shared network of eXpress servers. It includes RTS, CTS and non-isolated ETS+ECTS. For more details, follow this link.

Forward

A message forwarded to another chat in the eXpress app.

FQDN

Fully qualified domain name. A uniquely identifiable domain name of a network resource.

Global chat

A service chat that appears for all users of a server if the administrator has enabled it. It is used to publish news and notifications. In the future, it will offer contacting support, verification codes, and other features. For more details, follow this link.

Group Chat

Group chat, group. A chat in eXpress with more than two participants. Intended for communication: all members can write in it, and all members see each other.

Guest

A user who uses a temporary account on RTS or CTS to join a group chat, channel, call or conference via an invitation link.

Hash Sum

The unique file identifier. The computer calculates it using special software: it mathematically converts the information from the file.

Host

Any device that acts as a server in client-server services.

HUID, GUID

Human Unique Identifier and Global Unique Identifier, respectively. Unique user IDs. They are found in the Admin Panel. For more information, follow this link.

ICE

Interactive Connectivity Establishment. A protocol by which two devices collect information about the optimal connection path between nodes. The information is carried in objects called ICE candidates and contains data about IP addresses, routing protocols, TURN usage, supported data formats, etc.

ID

Identifier. A unique set of characters that allows you to clearly identify a chat, user, call, conference, etc. It is found in the Admin Panel. For more information, follow this link.

Identification

User identification: the system receives their identifier — login, email, phone number, etc. Identification is the first step of authentication: without it, the system doesn't know who it is dealing with.

IDP

Identity Provider. A system component that authenticates users and applications in the system. With it, the user opens other websites via single sign-on (SSO) and does not enter a password. An Identity Provider reduces the likelihood of an attack.

Interface

A method of interaction between physical devices and software components with each other and with humans.

Internal Contour

Corporate Contour or Internet Zone. A set of software and hardware tools designed to serve users within the organization's corporate network.

IP

Internet Protocol. A set of rules for exchanging data in computer networks. A worldwide standard.

Isolation

The state of an ETS, in which this server and its subordinate corporate servers are isolated, that is, disconnected from the cloud — RTS. When ETS is isolated, users of a dedicated custom app cannot interact in any way with users registered in eXpress and other dedicated custom ETS-apps.

JSON

JavaScript Object Notation. JavaScript-based text data interchange format. For example, eXpress's desktop logs have this format.

Keycloak

An open source IDP software that provides OpenID support and a user directory.

Log

A file containing technical information for diagnosing the operation of an app or service. For more information about how to collect this diagnostic information in eXpress, follow this link.

Logout

Log out, logging out of the corporate server. On logout, the user's personal account on RTS or ETS loses its link with the corporate account on CTS or ECTS. After logging out, the user can log in to another corporate server. For more details, follow this link.

LTE

Long Term Evolution. A standard for wireless high-speed data transmission for mobile devices and data-capable terminals. It is based on the GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA network technologies. LTE has higher bandwidth and speed thanks to a different radio interface and an improved core network.

Markdown

A lightweight markup language used to format text documents. eXpress partially supports it for formatting message text. For more details, follow this link. Basic text formatting is also available via keyboard shortcuts or the context menu.

MDM

Mobile Device Management. Mobile device management system, a subsystem of the data management system in an organization.

Mention

This feature allows you to tag someone in a different conversation, group chat, or channel. Users can click on the mention to navigate directly to the tagged person’s profile or the relevant chat. For more details, follow this link.

MIME Type

Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions. A standard that describes the transmission of various types of data over the Internet. See MIME types on the developer.mozilla.org website.

Mixed Chat/Channel

Or hybrid chat/channel. A chat or channel that includes public and corporate users.

Mobile Device

A smartphone or tablet running Android, iOS, or Aurora. Installing the app on Aurora is described in the Aurora App section.

MSI

The file extension of the application installation package of the Windows Installer for the Windows operating system.

NAT

Network Address Translation. A mechanism in TCP/IP networks that allows IP addresses of transit packets to be converted.

Notification

A message that an app uses to notify the user about an event or action. Such an event occurred in the app or may be of interest to the user. The notification appears on the device screen. To attract the user's attention, it may be accompanied by a sound, vibration, or other effects.

NTLM

NT LAN Manager, a network authentication protocol from Microsoft. This is also the name of the eXpress authentication method in which users are synchronized with Active Directory. For more details, follow this link.

On-Cloud

Cloud solution. A software distribution model in which programs are already deployed on a remote server (at the vendor's or a contractor's) or are designed specifically for it. After purchase, you usually get access to an already installed solution instead of a distribution. All that remains is to configure it. The opposite of On-Premise.

On-Premise

On-premises solution. A software distribution model in which programs are installed on the customer's equipment. You buy the product and receive a distribution package to install it on your server. The opposite of On-Cloud.

Open Chat/Channel

Such a chat/channel can be joined through the corporate chat directory by any user registered on the corporate server. For more details, follow this link.

OpenID

An open standard for a decentralized authentication system. eXpress has an OpenID authentication method. For example, with it, users without an Active Directory account or corporate email log in to eXpress using a special token. For more details, follow this link.

P2P

Peer-to-peer, peer-to-peer network, decentralized network. A network design principle based on the equality of participants. Often, such a network has no dedicated servers, and each node (peer) can be both a client and a server. Unlike the “client-server” architecture, such a network works with any number and any combination of available nodes. All nodes are network participants.

PAT

Port Address Translation. A network address translation technology that depends on the recipient's TCP/UDP port. A special case of NAT.

Personal Account

Personal profile, public account, external user. Created when a user registers on RTS or ETS. A personal account on RTS is available to the user; on ETS, it is not. For more details, follow this link.

Personal Chat

One-on-one chat. A chat with only two participants in eXpress.

Personal Contact

A contact from the phone book of your mobile device, on which the app is installed. This is a user registered in eXpress or in a special ETS app with eXpress features.

Private Chat/Channel

A group chat or channel created for a limited number of participants. Such chats are not available in the eXpress corporate chat directory. New participants are added to a private chat/channel by its creator or administrators. For more details, follow this link.

Protocol (computer networks)

A set of rules for exchanging data between two network devices.

Push Notifications

Notifications, “push notifications”. A way to deliver information from a provider to the user. This is how eXpress notifies users about incoming messages, mentions, and calls. Read more about notifications at this link.

RDP

Remote Desktop Protocol. A protocol for remotely connecting to a computer or server running the Windows operating system from another computer via the Internet. Using this protocol, users can interact with the desktop of a remote computer as if they were physically in front of it. Most often, RDP is used for server administration, technical support for users, and remote work.

Reply

Slang term for a reply to a message with a quote link to it. This is how you reply using the message context menu or a gesture.

Retention

Its meaning depends on the field of application. Data retention — determining which data to store, where and for how long, and when and how to delete it after the retention period. Retention rate — the ratio of the number of users who continue to use an internet service (for example, the eXpress app) some time after their first use to the number of people who initially used it. Here, the term means product user retention.

Role Model

The role-based access model in eXpress defines system access permissions based on the role of the access subject. A role is determined by environment attributes (connection types and client types), subject attributes (users assigned to the role), and action attributes (permission configuration settings). By default, all features and data are accessible to everyone, and the rules of the role-based model define restrictions.

Routing

Routing, routing diagram. A diagram that shows how information passes between users in a chat. For more details, follow this link.

RPM

The file extension of the application installation package of the Linux Red Hat family of operating systems.

RTS

Regional Transport Server, also external server, public server. A server that unites and serves users and corporate servers within one region. Such servers exist in several regions; the central RTS (“RuPublic”) is located in Russia. RTS are managed by the eXpress developers. For more details, follow this link.

RTS ID

Regional Transport Server Identifier. It is found in the Admin Panel. For more information, follow this link.

S3

Simple Storage Service. This is the name of a service where large volumes of digital data are stored. It operates under a protocol with the same name.

Server

Server. Software that accepts requests from clients, for example, a web server. Or a computer or special computer hardware allocated and/or dedicated to specific service functions.

Service

Web service. A software system identified by a unique web address (URL) with standardized interfaces.

SIP Telephony

Session Initiation Protocol. Protocol for calls and video conferencing.

SLA

Service Level Agreement. A contract defining service quality standards and response times.

SmartApp

SmartApp. A “mini-app” built into eXpress with additional features: HR services, electronic document management, portal, support, and others. For more details, follow this link.

Sprint

Sprint. A regular, limited period of time during which the development team completes a defined scope of work in a large project. eXpress sprints usually last two weeks, with some exceptions. At the end of each sprint, product updates are released.

SSL

Secure Sockets Layer. A cryptographic protocol for secure communication. It uses asymmetric cryptography to authenticate exchange keys, symmetric encryption to preserve confidentiality, and message authentication codes for message integrity. This protocol is used in “client-server” interaction.

SSO

Single Sign-On. A technology that lets a user move from one section of the web portal to another, or from one system to another that is not linked to the first one. You don't need to authenticate again or enter your password.

State

State. This is summary info about the current user, server, app, keys, and events. State is part of the diagnostics collected via the About screen.

STUN Server/TURN Server

The server through which the voice traffic of client applications passes if they are behind NAT/PAT.

STUN

Session Traversal Utilities for NAT. A network protocol that determines the external IP address. With it, two hosts establish a UDP connection if both are behind a NAT router.

Suggests

Simplified authentication via e-mail. A list on RTS or ETS that maps an email domain to the URL of a corporate server. With it, users do not enter the server address manually during authentication. For more details, follow this link.

TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol. A network model for transmitting data, which is presented in digital form. The model describes the way data is transferred from the information source to the receiver.

Thread

Comments under a message. Any participant of a group chat or channel can comment on a message, even without administrator permissions. Comments don’t “clutter” the main chat or channel.

Ticket

A user request or issue tracked in a support system.

TLS

Transport Layer Security. A transport-level security protocol.

Token

A token is a sequence of characters that allows you to accurately identify an object/user and their privilege level.
The access token in eXpress is encrypted with a public key and transmitted to the server. From there, it is passed to the client app, which decrypts it with the private key. The token is not stored on the server in unencrypted form.

Trust

It's a feature for establishing trusted relationships between corporate servers of different companies. It enables:

• Combining servers into a federation
• Creating a secure network for communication
• Collaborating with employees from dozens of organizations in a secure environment

A pair of servers that have such a relationship are called trusted servers.

TURN

Traversal Using Relay (around) NAT. A protocol through which a host behind a NAT router receives incoming data over a TCP or UDP connection.

UDID

Unique Device IDentifier. It represents a user session ID.

UDP

User Datagram Protocol. With UDP, computer applications send messages to other hosts over an IP network. Such messages are called datagrams. Applications do not need to send a message in advance to set up special transmission channels or data paths.

UI Alert

An alert in the user interface. In eXpress, this is the name of the feature that notifies the user about a mandatory update. As a rule, the alert takes up the entire app screen. An alert can be blocking or non-blocking. A blocking alert has one button, and the user has no choice. A non-blocking alert, besides the main button, can be closed or minimized, or the user can ask to be reminded later.

User Status

The current status of the user, generated based on his activity in the app (online, in a call, etc.).

VDI

Virtual Desktop Infrastructure. A software tool for the centralized creation and management of virtual desktops. Virtual desktops are software applications that emulate real desktop computers. VDI technology creates a virtual desktop on the server. Remote users connect to it from any physical computer over the Internet using special client applications.

Vendor

Vendor, a supplier of services or a product. The eXpress vendor is the Unlimited Production development team.

Videoconferencing

Video conferencing. A technology that allows three or more participants to interactively exchange audio and video. For this, eXpress has conferences.

VoIP

Voice over IP. IP telephony.

VPN

Virtual Private Network. Configurable for additional protection of data transmission, e.g. for connecting to CTS from an external network.

WAF

Web application firewall. A set of software monitors and filters designed to detect and block network attacks on a web application. If the organization uses a WAF, the system administrator configures it so that eXpress works correctly.

WebSocket

Communication protocol over a TCP connection for two-way message exchange between a browser or web application and a web server. Uses a persistent connection.